lucke



C. E. LUCKE. com; OVEN AND METHOD OF OPERATING SAME.

APPUDATION HLED MAR. 4| IQIH.

Patented Mar. 9, 1920.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

5 6a 7a a ja Patented Mar. 9, 1920.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

C. E. LUCKE.

COKE OVEN AND METHOD OF OPERATING SAME.

APPLICATION men am. 4. 1915. 1,332,909.

C. E. LUCKE.

COKE ovuv AND METHOD OF OPERATING SAME.

APPLICATIUN HLED MAR 4| 5H8.

Patented Mar. 9, 1920.

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00x2 OVEN AND METHOD OF OPERATING SAME. A

APPUCATQON FILED MAR. 4. 191B.

1 ,332,909. Patented Mar. 9, 1920.

4 SHEETSSHEET 4n UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES EDWARD LUCKE. OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, OF ONE-THIRD T0 LOUIS WILPUTTE AND TWO-THIRDS TO ALICE A. WILPUTTE, BOTH OF NEW ROCHELLE. NEW YORK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 9, 1920.

Application filed March 4, 1918. Serial No. 220,387.

To all whom. it may oncern Be it known that I, Cnalums Eowam) LUcK'n a. citizen of the United States of Amerie residing in the city. county. and State of New York. have invented certain new and useful Improvements in ("oke- Ovens and Methods of Operating Same. of which the following is a true and exact description. reference being had to the accompanying drawings. which form a part thereof.

My present invention relates to regenerative coke ovens. and particularly to hy-product coke ovens of the well known type in which the oven structure comprises horizontally elongated. coking retorts separated by heating walls, each of which is formed with vertical heating fines or combustion chambers extending in a row from one end of a heating wall to the other. and with a horizontal passage or channel connecting the upper ends of the vertical tines. The tlues in each heating wall are divided into two groups lying at opposite sides of a flow re versal plane located approximately midway between the ends of the heating wall. The two groups of fines are alternately supplied at their lower ends with preheated air and. fuel gas. which may or may not he prcheated. ('omhustion occurs in the vertical [ha-s which at any one instant are being sup plied with air and fuel gas. and the products of combustion pass out of the upper clubs of these tlues into the upper horizontal passage flowing through the lattcr to and into the. upper end of the lines of the other group. and passing from the lower ends of the latter into the regenerator or regenerators connected to those tines. .\t intervals the flow through the two groups of vertical fines is reversed. The operation of a coke ovcn having this type of [husystcm in its heating walls. as heretofore constructed. is characterized by a tendency to unequal dis tri ution of [low among the ditferent \ertical flue. and particularlyh v a tendency to a How distribution among the flues oi' each group which is dili'crcut whcn the flow is mic direction through those tlues from what It is when the How through thosiutlnes is in the opposite direction. This teiidcncy toward a l'aulty distribution rcsults'lrom the changes in velocity head and, consequent changes in static pressure in the upper horizontal passage connecting the tops of the vertical flues. and in the horizontal passagesthrough which the lower ends of the fines are connected to the regencrators. or through which the air. or air and gas to be preheated. is supplied to the regenerators. and the waste products of combustion are withdrawn from the regcnerators.

The general object of my invention is to improve coke ovens ha ving the kind of heating Wall referred to. by so arranging the horizontal passages connected directly. or through the regenerator. to the lower ends of the vertical flues that the pressure differential at the opposite ends otany vertical tine will be practically the same as the pres sure difi erential between the opposite ends of any other fine in the same group with either direction of flow. through that group of lilies. l accomplish this by arranging the supply and outlet channels connected to the lower ends of the vertical lines. either directly or through the regenerators. in such manner that there will he variations in static pressure. resulting from changes in velocity head. impressed on the lower ends of the vertical fines of each group corresponding. and approximately equal to the changes in static pressure occurring in the portion of the upper horizontal channel of the heating wall to which the upper ends of the fines oi that group are connected. i

The various features of novelty which characterize my invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and fiormin a part of this specification. F or a better understanding of the nature and object of my invention. and the problem which it has been devised to overcome. refcrencc should he had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which I have illustrated and described some of the various forms in which my invention mayembodied and carried Fig. 2 is ,a sectional plan taken on the line 1.05

2-2 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 is a pressure diagram illustrating static pressure conditions in the apparatus shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 4 is a similar pressure diagram illustrating pressure conditions existing in prior ovens having the heating wall flue arrangement illustrated in Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of a coke oven having longitudinal regenerators, the section being taken on the broken line 5-4: of Fig. 6.

Fig. 6 is a partial sectional plan. the section being taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 55.

Fig. 7 is a transverse section taken partly on the line 7- A of Fig. 5, and partly on the line 7 -7 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation of a coke oven having cross regenerators. the section being taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. 10.

Fig. 9 is a partial sectional plan, the sec tion being taken on thelines 9-9 of Figs. 8 and 10.

Fig. 10 is a sectional elevation taken partly on the line 1010 and partly on the line m --10 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 11 is a sectional elevation of a coke oven in which the various vertical heatin lines in each heating wall are connected each to a difi'erent regenerator from that to which the other of these lines is connected. the section being taken on the line 11-41 of Fig. 13.

Fig. 12 is a sectional plan taken on the line 12--12 of Figs. 11 and 13, and

Fig. 13 is a sectional elevation taken transversely to Fig. 11 partly on the line 13"13 and partly on the line 13----13 of Fig. 11.

In the drawings, and referring first to the coke oven arrangement shown somewhat diagrammatically in Figs. 1 and 2, C represents a heating wall formed with a row of vertical combustion fines extending from one end of the heating wall to the other, and all connected at their upper ends by the up per horizontal passage ii. For convenience. the group of vertical fines at the left hand side of tlieltieating wall in which the flow at any one ins ant is always in the same direction, are designated by the symbol A. and the fines of the other group are designated by the symbol a. Associatd 'with the tines A and a are a cooperating pair of sole channels D and (l, which extend longitudinally oi the heating wall from the opposite ends of the latter past the flow reversal plane indicated in Figs. 1 and 2 by the line X X. lhe group of fines A alllie at one side. and the fines it all lie at the other side of this plane. The flow reversal plane X X is shown as lo cated midway between the ends of the heating wall. though it is common practice. where the coking rhambers taper in width from one end to the other. to displace the flow reversal plane slightly from the mid dle of the heating wall. putting more lines in the groups at the sides of the thin ends of the coking chambers than in the groups alongside the thicker ends of the coking chambers.

The lower ends of the tines are scpa i'ately cruinected by ports F. to the sole channel l). and the lower ends oi the lines a are separately connected by ports (3 to the sole channel (I. The sole channels D and (I are. provided with regenerator connections l) and (1 respectively, the regenerators not being shown in these figures.

The distinguishing characteristic of the embodiment of my invention somewhat diagrammatically illustrated in Figs. 1 and is found in the fact that the two sole channels l) and d overlap at their inner ends and each has its regenerator connection at the opposite side of the lion reversal plane from that at which the sole channel is eonnerted by the ports E or 1. as the case may he. to the corresponding group of lines A or a. In consequence of this novel arrangement of the sole channels. the flow through each of the sole channels ll and Z; is always opposite in direction to the longitudinal flow through the porti n of the upper horizontal channel directly connected to that sole channel by the rorrespi'mding group of vertical lines A or a. The advantage obtained by this is most easily explained by reference to Figs. 3 and 4.

In Fig. 3 the lines 1 to 8. incl usive. represent the center line's of the tines A in the order in which these tines run from the left end of the heating wall to the flow reversal plane.

and the lines 1 to 8. inclusive. represent the center lines of the group oi fines a, in the order in which these lines extend from the right hand end of the heating wall to ward the flow reversal plane. The line l" represents a certain hase static pressure. The line I ll represents the static pressure in the upper horizontal passage [5 at different points along the length of the latter. The line I D represents the static pressure in the sole channel D. and the line 1 1? rep resents the static pressure in the sole channel I when the direction of flow is that indicated in Fig. l by the arrows applied to that figure. liy reference to the line P B it will be seen that the static pressure, in the upper hori' zontal passage is higher at each end than at the center of the passage. This is a c nsequence of that law ol' How known as llernouilli's theorem. which is that. ill-11 garding friction. the lolal ilPi hhillt lll II passage through which iluid flows is the same at every point along the path of {low and at earh point is equal to the sum of the static |HPn\illl and the veloc ty head oi dynamic pre sure. at that pointv The re li-ril of llow in tinupper liorimntal lidssngc is a maximum at the lion l' -H'l'Hdi plane at; the portion Y of the corresponding line 1 k X and decreases progressively to the ends of the passage where it becomes zero, since all of the fluid passing into the upper horizontal passage through one group of fines, and out through the other group of flucs. passes across the flow reversal plane, while the volume of How through the horizontal passage at any point at either side oi this plane is decreased by the amount of the flow through the intervening vertical flues. At the tiow reversal plane, the velocity head mis a maximum and the static pressure a mininium, while atythe ends of the horizon- .tal passage thevelocity head is zeroand the static pressure is a maximum. The static pressure in the sole channel (l will be constant in the portion of the sole channel between the regenerator connection MI and the-flow reversal plane X X, andwill increase as the velocity head decreases from the flow reversal plane to the outer end of the sole channel. Similarly, the static pressure in the sole channel D will be constant in the portion of this sole channel between theflow reversal plane X X and the regenorator connection D and will rise progres sively from the flow reversal plane to the 'opposit end of the heating wall. The pressure differential at the opposite ends of each vertical fine A is indicated by the length of to R". inclusive. cut off between the curves P (I and P B, and similarly the pressure differential between the opposite ends of each of the flues A is indicated by the lengths of the portion 3 of the corresponding line 1 to 8 cut off between the curves P B and P D. The How through each of the combustion lines is a direct function of the pressure differential at the opposite ends of the flue. It follows, therefore, that the variations in static pressure in the sole channels D and d tend toward an equal distribution of flow among the fines a and A. It is apparent moreover that this tendency toward equal flow distribiption is maintained when the How throng the fines and horizontal passages is lPVtTSfd. In general, with this arrangement. if it is found desirable to modify the flue distribution as by the use of slide brick or dampers at the upper ends of the vertical fines. as for example to increase the amount of flow through the fines adjacent the ends of the heating wall in order to compensate for increased radiation. this adjustnn-ni will be operative to modify the flow among' the fines of each group in the same way with either direction of flow through that group of fines. Similarly. it it is diesir d to progrcssivclv increase the flow from one cud of the heating wall to the other to ronrgwnuie tor the varying thickness of the :(ltll ciml'p'c being colccd when the coking chamber varies in thickness from one end to thc i' ln-r. the slide brick may be employed to n'ogressively throttlethe various vertical flues A and a in progressively increasing amounts from one end of the heating wall to the other, and the eflcct of this throttling will be to vary the flow through the flues similarly with either direction of flow.

The practical importance of my invention in the form illustrated in Figs. L and 2 is strikingly apparent when the pressure diagram shown in Fig. 3 is compared with the pressure diagram shown in Fig. 4. The last mentioned diagram represents pressure conditions in an oven having a fiue system of the kind shown in Fig. 1, but with sole chan nels in which the longitudinal flow is at any instant in the same direction as in the portion of'the upper horizontal channel to which the sole channel is connected by the correspond-- inp; group of vertical fines. This is the case. for instance, with the well known type of oven construction shown by the U. S. patent to Hoffman 492,400 and the U. S. patent to Koppel-s 738,918. The static pressure in the upper horizontal passage of such an oven decreases from the ends of that passage to the flow reversal plane, as indicated in Fig. 4 by theline P B X, P X representing a base pressure line. The static pressures in the sole channels increase in this case, however, from the outer ends of the sole channels toward the flow reversal plane. In Fig. 4 the pressure in the sole channel serving, at the instant, as the supply channel is indi cated by the line P (I w, and the static pres sure in the sole channel serving as the waste heat outlet channel at that instant is indicated by the line P D X. It is apparent that the static pressure differentials at the opposite ends of the vertical lines increase from the outer end of the heating wall toward the flow reversal plane in the on fines. and increase from the flow reversal plane to the opposite end of the heating wall in the case of the oil tines. tends to concentrate up flow in the fines adjacent the flow reversal plane. and to con ceutratc down now in the tines remote from the How reversal plane. This is obviously true with either direction of flow and cannot be adequately corrected by slide brick or damper regulation of the difl'erent vertical fines. for if the slide bricks or dampers be so adjusted with respect to one group of flues as to equalize the up flow through these fines. that is by throttling the tines progressively from the outer end of the heating wall toward the flow reversal plane. this throttling augments the concentration of How among the tines adjacent the end of the heating wall when the flow is reversed.

In Figs. 5. (i and Tl have illustrated the application of the form of my invention somewhat schematically illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. to a coke oven of a general design now extensively and successfully used in This practice in Europe. In Figs. 5. G and 7 each heating wall is formed with a series of Wrtical lines A and 0"" extending trout one end of the heating wall to the other. and all connected at their upper ends by a common horizontal passage B llelow the vertical lines are arranged sole channels l).and (1. which in this case extend from one end ol the heating wall to the other. The sole channels I) are connected to a regenerator (1: running longitudinally of the oven battery. that is transversely of the heating walls by connections I). Similarly. the sole channels 17" are connected through the connecting channels I! to a longitudinally running rcgenerator g at the opposite side of thehattery from the; regenerator G. For structural reasons the. sole channels rl are arranged in pairsyhne pair of these channels being located between every other pair of adjacent heating walls.

\ llach sole channel J is connected to the,

tiues 1/ in the inunediately adjacent heat ing wall. Similarly, the sole channels D are arranged in pairs, one pair between every other pair of heating walls. and the two channels D of each pair are connected to the corresporuling groups of lines A in the two adjacent heating walls. With this arrangement the fines A of any one heating wall are connected to a sole channel D lying at oneiside of the central plane of the heating wall as seen in Fig. 7. while the lines a?" of the same heating wall are connected to a sole channel (1 lying at the opposite side of the longitudinal central plane through the heating wall. In the construction illustrated in Figs. t5 and 7 the connecting passage between each fine A and the sole channels D comprises a vertical portion E and a lateral portion E. and similarly the connections between the tines u" and the sole channels J each Quill prises a vertical portion c and a lateral portion c.

(las passages H opening intolhe bottoms of the fines A and 11" supply combustible. gas to these fines when combustion is to take place therein.

it will he understood that gas is supplied through the corresponding passages H to the lower ends of all lines A in one stage of o 'ieration. In the same stage of operation air passes into the regenerator (l as through the supply passage l. is heated in the regcnerator (l. and passes from the latter through the coiniection l). sole channels I) and ports FE and Ii to the lower ends of the lines A. At the same time products of combustion pass out of the titles :1 through the ports e and c to the sole channels (1, and from the latter, pass through the connections (7 into the regcnerator g, and eventually passes out of the latter into the oil heat tunnel :5. When the How is reversed air passes into the regenerator 5] through the air inlets 1'. and the. heated air passes out of the rcgenerator 1 through the regcnerator connections 11 into the sole channels Il and passes thence through the ports c and into the tines ni which in this stage also receives combustible gas through the corresponding gas supply passages H. In this stage of operation the products of combustion pass out of the lower ends of the lines A" into the sole channels I). and from the latter pass through the regenerator connections D into the regenerator G and eventually pass out of the bottom of that regenerator into the waste heat tunnel J.

In Figs. 8. 9 and 10 l have illustrated the application of my inventior to a coke oven having a pair of socalleil cross regenerators G and placed and to end between each adjacent pair of pillar walls I, which are parallel to and heneath the heating walls. The regencrators H are separated from the regcnerators g at or adjacent the center line of the battery by a division wall G" M In this form of my invention there are a pair ot sole channels D and locaicd. between each pair of pillar walls above the regenerators. and each extending from one side edge of the battery to the other. Each sole channel l l is connected by poi ts I) in its hottor'n wall to the correspondi 1g regenerator (li' hcneathtt. and is also con nerted by a series oliports E to he group of lines A in an adjacent healing wall. Similarly, the sole channel rl is connected by ports 0" to the regenerator 51 over which it extends. and connected by ports e" to the lower ends ot the vertical fines a in an adjacent heating wall. The rcgenerators f and the ports l5 and 0'. ar all .on one side of the flow reversal plane. while the regeneratm's G and the ports r and J are on the opposite side of the low reversal plane. it is to he noted that "for structural reasons the sole channels 1) and J. connected to the vertical lines A and 1/ in the same heating wall. lie on opposite ides of the pillar wall I heneatli that heating wall. ll represents the gas su n'ily con- 11% nections to the lower ends of the vertical tin. .\ir to he preheated and piolluets of. wmliustion are alternately admitted to, and discharged from the regeiu'rators G and through the corresponding ports G" and The general mode of operation of the oren shown in Figs. F. fl and in is es sentially the same as that of the oven shown in Figs. (i and T.

In Figs 11. i2 and U l have illustrated 12 the application of my inrcntiou to a coke oven in which the various llue- X at one side of the tlow rev rsal plane. are connected hy ports E to separate regerwrators G be neath them. while tho vertical lines 2 at 1% nected to a wast heat the other side of the tlow reversal plane, are connected by ports (2" to separate regencrw tors located beneath the lines (1 .\s shown, the regenerative spaces G or beneath the vertical tines for a. in each row runnin transversely to the retorts and heat-' mg we is are connected h equalizing ports G or 7 in which chccli'er hri l? may, or ma not be piled.

Ilencath the regcncrators are located sole channels D and (1 which run parallel to the heating walls from one side edge of the battery to the other. The sole channels D are connected by ports K to the regenerative spaces G and the sole channels (1 are connected by ports 7.1 to the regenerative spaces above them. 0 anne s D at the same side of the How reversal plane as the regenerators ii are closed at D, while the opposite ends of these sole. channels are alternately connected (by means not shown) to a waste heat con duit and to the atmosphere or other source of air to be reheated. Similarly, the 501i. channels of lave their ends at the side of the flow reversal plane at which the regen erator chamber 9 are located closed at if. while their opposite ends are alternately conconclnit and to the atmos here or other source of air to be preheated? Combustible gas is supplied to the vertical fines through the passages H. The operation of this form of my invention will be understood without further explanation. It is to be noted that the construction shown in Figs. 11. 12 and 13 possesses the especial advantage that the relatively low temperatures to which the sole channels D and d are ex osed minimize the liability to objectionahl e leakage through the walls of these sole channels.

While in accordance with the provisions of the statutes I have illustrated and ilescribed the best form of my invention now known to me. it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may he made in the form of my invention without departing from its spirit. and that some features of my invention may sometimes he used to advantage without a corresponding use of other features of the invention.

Havin now tl[' '(llbt(l my invention, what'I c aim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

l. The method of an plying air to and withdrawing waste pro nets of combustion from the vertical fines of a regenerative coke oven of the type in which each heating wall The ends of the soleis formed with a plurality of vertical fines all of which are connected at their upper ends by a common horizontal passage, and in which the lower ends of such of said fines in each heating wall as lie at one side of the flow reversal plane a re separately connected to one horizontal channel. while the-remaining vertical lines in the heating wall are Separatelv connected at their lower'ends to a second horizontal channel, which consists in alternately supplying air to and withdrawing waste gas from each of said channels at the opposite side of the flow reversal plane from that at which the said channel is connected to the vertical lines.

:3. regenerative coke oven comprising coking retorls and heating walls, each of the latter being formed with two groups of vertical heating tines arranged at up osite sides of a flow reversal plane and wit an upper horizontal channel to which the upper ends of the lines of both groups are connected, and means for alternately supplying preheated air to. and withdrawing products of combustion from the lower ends of the vertical Hues comprising a pair of sole channels for each heating wall, one of which is ac arately connected to the, lower ends of t e vertical fines of one group and the other of which is separately connected to the lower ends of the lines of the other group in said wall. and each of which has an air inlet and waste gas outlet connection at the opposite side of the flow reversal lane from its connections to the correspon ing group of lines.

3. regenerative coke oven comprising coking rctorts and heating walls. each of the latter being formed with two groups of vertical heating fines arranged at opposite sides of a flow reversal plane and with an upper horizontal channel to which the upper ends of the fines of both groups are connected, and means for alternately supplying preheated air to. and withdrawn products of coinhnstion from the lower ends of the vertical lines mprising a )tlil of sole cha'nnels for each heatin wall,-one of which is separately connectc to the lower ends of the vertical fines ofone group and the other of which is separately connected to the lower ends of the lines of the other group in said well, and each of which overlaps the other at the liow reversal plane and receives air and discharges products of combustion at the opposite of said [plane from its connections to the vertical nics.

CHARLES EDWARD LUCKE. 

